在家庭裝修中，墻面施工有一道至關重要的工序——刮膩子。它就像化妝前的打底步驟，決定了非常終漆面的平整度、美觀度和耐久性。而完成這道工序的核心材料，便是膩子粉。

In home decoration, there is a crucial process for wall construction - scraping putty. It is like the base step before applying makeup, determining the final smoothness, aesthetics, and durability of the paint surface. The core material for completing this process is putty powder.

什么是膩子粉？

What is putty powder?

膩子粉是漆類施工前對施工面進行預處理的一種表面填充材料。它的主要目的是填充施工面的孔隙，矯正施工面的曲線偏差，為獲得均勻、平滑的漆面打好基礎。簡單來說，膩子粉就是墻面的“粉底”——毛坯房的水泥墻面粗糙不平，直接刷漆不僅浪費涂料，而且根本無法獲得平整美觀的效果。只有經過膩子層的填補和找平，墻面才能達到刷漆或貼壁紙的要求。

Putty powder is a surface filling material used to pre treat the construction surface before painting. Its main purpose is to fill the pores of the construction surface, correct the curve deviation of the construction surface, and lay a foundation for obtaining a uniform and smooth paint surface. In short, putty powder is the "foundation make-up" of the wall - the cement wall of the blank room is rough and uneven. Direct painting not only wastes paint, but also can not achieve a flat and beautiful effect. Only after filling and leveling with putty layer can the wall meet the requirements for painting or wallpaper.

膩子粉的主要成分是滑石粉和膠水。剛剛購置的毛坯房表面那一層白色物質，就是膩子。通常膩子的白度在90以上，細度在330以上。

The main components of putty powder are talcum powder and glue. The white substance on the surface of the newly purchased rough house is putty. Usually, the whiteness of putty is above 90 and the fineness is above 330.

膩子粉的分類

Classification of putty powder

市場上的膩子種類繁多，從不同維度可以進行多種分類。

There are various types of putty on the market, which can be classified from different dimensions.

按使用場合劃分，可分為內墻膩子和外墻膩子兩大類。內墻膩子以雙飛粉（大白粉）為主要原料，綜合指數較好，健康環保。外墻膩子則需要抵抗風吹日曬，以白水泥為主要原料，膠性大、強度高，但環保指數稍低。內墻不外用，外墻不內用——這是選擇膩子的基本原則。

According to the usage scenario, it can be divided into two categories: interior wall putty and exterior wall putty. The interior wall putty is mainly made of double fly powder (white powder), which has a good comprehensive index and is healthy and environmentally friendly. Exterior wall putty needs to resist wind and sun exposure, using white cement as the main raw material, with high adhesiveness and strength, but slightly lower environmental protection index. The basic principle for choosing putty is not to use it externally for interior walls or internally for exterior walls.

按耐水性劃分，可分為耐水膩子和非耐水膩子。821膩子是非耐水膩子的典型代表，由大白粉、淀粉膠和CMC制成，沒有附著力、不耐水。耐水膩子則白度好、粘結強度高，具有較強的耐水性。

According to water resistance, it can be divided into water-resistant putty and non water-resistant putty. 821 putty is a typical representative of non water resistant putty, made of white powder, starch adhesive, and CMC, which has no adhesion and is not water resistant. Waterproof putty has good whiteness, high bonding strength, and strong water resistance.

按功能劃分，還有彈性膩子、高彈防水膩子等特殊品類。柔性膩子由優良水泥、填料、合成聚合物和精選添加劑配制而成，具有粘結強度高、表面平整光滑、耐水防潮等優點。

Divided by function, there are also special categories such as elastic putty and high elasticity waterproof putty. Flexible putty is formulated with high-quality cement, fillers, synthetic polymers, and selected additives, and has the advantages of high bonding strength, smooth surface, water resistance, and moisture resistance.

此外，按狀態可分為膏狀膩子、粉狀膩子和膠配填料。按化學組成可分為單組分膩子、多組分膩子和粉末膩子。

In addition, it can be divided into paste putty, powder putty, and adhesive filler according to its state. According to chemical composition, it can be divided into single component putty, multi-component putty, and powder putty.

膩子與耐水膩子的對決

The showdown between putty and water-resistant putty

膩子曾經是市場主流，但其缺點十分突出：附著力差、粘結強度低、沒有韌性、遇潮氣后很快出現粉化現象，短時間內就會出現開裂、起皮、脫落。再次粉刷墻面時，還需要鏟除原有821膩子，費力且污染環境。

Putty used to be the mainstream in the market, but its drawbacks were very prominent: poor adhesion, low bonding strength, lack of toughness, and quick powdering when exposed to moisture, leading to cracking, peeling, and detachment in a short period of time. When painting the wall again, it is necessary to remove the original 821 putty, which is laborious and pollutes the environment.

耐水膩子則是821膩子的替代產品。它的優勢非常明顯：附著力強、粘結強度高、有一定的韌性、透氣性好；受潮后不會粉化；墻面不會開裂、起皮、脫落；手感細膩、觀感柔和；污染后可以直接擦洗；再次粉刷時無需鏟除墻面；而且屬于環保型材料。正因如此，北京市建委和規委已明確規定，在住宅工程中限制使用不耐水石膏類刮墻膩子。

Waterproof putty is a substitute product for 821 putty. Its advantages are very obvious: strong adhesion, high bonding strength, certain toughness, and good breathability; Will not pulverize when exposed to moisture; The wall will not crack, peel, or peel off; Delicate touch and soft appearance; After pollution, it can be directly cleaned; When repainting, there is no need to remove the wall surface; And it belongs to environmentally friendly materials. Therefore, the Beijing Municipal Construction Commission and Planning Commission have clearly stipulated that the use of water-resistant gypsum based wall putty is restricted in residential projects.

在環保方面，膩子粉比膩子膏更具優勢。膩子粉是聚合物粉末和粉狀膠的混合物，由于甲醛只能以氣態或液態形式存在，膩子粉中甲醛含量出彩低，更加環保。

In terms of environmental protection, putty powder has more advantages than putty paste. Putty powder is a mixture of polymer powder and powdered adhesive. Due to the fact that formaldehyde can only exist in gaseous or liquid form, the formaldehyde content in putty powder is extremely low, making it more environmentally friendly.

膩子粉的施工要點

Key points for the construction of putty powder

膩子粉的施工并不復雜，但每一步都關乎非常終效果。首先，基層應堅實、干凈、大致平整、無明水，基層強度應大于或接近膩子的強度。吸水性強的基層應先用清水潤濕或噴刷膠水進行封底處理。新抹灰的水泥墻應在養護期后再刮膩子。

The construction of putty powder is not complicated, but each step is related to the final effect. Firstly, the base layer should be solid, clean, roughly flat, and free of visible water. The strength of the base layer should be greater than or close to the strength of putty. The base layer with strong water absorption should be first moistened with clean water or sprayed with glue for bottom sealing treatment. Newly plastered cement walls should be coated with putty after the curing period.

按膩子粉：水=1：0.5的比例攪拌均勻，靜置10至20分鐘再次攪拌均勻即可使用。用鋼刮板或抹刀按常規批刮，刮涂次數不可過多，通常批刮兩次，第二次涂層在前涂層干透情況下方可施工。批刮厚度0.8至1.5mm，用量約1至1.5kg/㎡。膩子干后，用320#或240#砂紙打磨，然后盡快涂刷涂料或粘貼墻紙。在基層平整的情況下，每公斤膩子粉大約可批刮0.8至1.2平方米的平整墻面。

Mix evenly according to the ratio of putty powder: water=1:0.5, let it stand for 10 to 20 minutes, and then mix evenly again before use. Use a steel scraper or spatula to scrape as usual, and do not scrape too many times. Usually, scrape twice, and the second coating can only be applied after the previous coating has dried completely. Scrape thickness of 0.8 to 1.5mm, with a dosage of approximately 1 to 1.5kg/m2. After the putty dries, use 320 # or 240 # sandpaper to polish it, and then apply paint or paste wallpaper as soon as possible. In the case of a flat base, each kilogram of putty powder can scrape approximately 0.8 to 1.2 square meters of flat wall surface.

需要非常注意的是：膩子粉應防水防潮保存，貯存期為六個月；施工溫度應在0℃以上；膩子粉不可與其它膩子在同一施工面混用，以免引起化學反應和色差。

Special attention should be paid to the waterproof and moisture-proof storage of putty powder, with a storage period of six months; The construction temperature should be above 0 ℃; Putty powder should not be mixed with other putty on the same construction surface to avoid chemical reactions and color differences.

從分類到施工，膩子粉雖不起眼，卻是墻面裝修中不可或缺的“底妝”材料。選擇對的膩子、用對的方法，才能為一面好墻打下堅實的基礎。

From classification to construction, although putty powder may not be eye-catching, it is an indispensable "base makeup" material in wall decoration. Choosing the right putty and using the right method can lay a solid foundation for a good wall.