凡涂抹在建筑物或建筑構(gòu)件表面的砂漿，統(tǒng)稱為抹面砂漿。根據(jù)抹面砂漿功能的不同，可將抹面砂漿分為普通抹面砂漿、裝飾砂漿和具有某些特殊功能的抹面砂漿。下面來分析下濟(jì)南抹灰砂漿的3大錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)知。

Mortar applied on the surface of buildings or building components is collectively referred to as plastering mortar. According to the different functions of plastering mortar, plastering mortar can be divided into ordinary plastering mortar, decorative mortar and plastering mortar with some special functions. Here are three major misconceptions of Jinan plastering mortar.

誤區(qū)一：抹灰砂漿的強(qiáng)度越大越好預(yù)

Myth 1: The greater the strength of plastering mortar, the better

拌抹灰砂漿的強(qiáng)度等級從M5~M20不等，常用的強(qiáng)度等級是M5和M10。

The strength grade of plastering mortar varies from M5 to M20, and the commonly used strength grades are M5 and M10.

對于抹灰砂漿來說，不同的基材要求的砂漿強(qiáng)度等級也不盡相同，這與基材和砂漿層的彈性模量差有關(guān)，彈性模量相差越大，出現(xiàn)空鼓開裂的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就越大。標(biāo)號越大，意味著水泥用量越大，也就意味著水泥水化時(shí)砂漿的收縮率就越大。

For plastering mortar, different base materials require different mortar strength grades, which is related to the difference between the elastic modulus of the base material and the mortar layer. The greater the difference between the elastic modulus, the greater the risk of hollowing and cracking. The larger the grade is, the greater the amount of cement is, which means the greater the shrinkage of mortar when the cement is hydrated.

收縮率相差越大，砂漿與基材產(chǎn)生的應(yīng)力越大，造成砂漿開裂的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越大。抹灰砂漿作用主要是保護(hù)基層和找平，因此抹灰強(qiáng)度只需要達(dá)到標(biāo)號要求就可以，強(qiáng)度過高意義不大，反而增加無謂的成本。

The greater the difference in shrinkage, the greater the stress generated by mortar and base material, and the greater the risk of mortar cracking. The function of plastering mortar is mainly to protect the base course and level, so the plastering strength only needs to meet the requirements of the mark. It is not significant to have too high strength, but it increases the unnecessary cost.

誤區(qū)二：抹灰砂漿的保水性越高越好

Mistake 2: The higher the water retention of plastering mortar, the better

控制抹灰砂漿的保水率主要作用是保證砂漿在凝結(jié)硬化前，砂漿中的水不被基層吸收，不因失水過快而導(dǎo)致砂漿中的水泥沒有水分水化，從而降低砂漿本身強(qiáng)度和砂漿與基層的粘結(jié)強(qiáng)度。

The main function of controlling the water retention rate of the plastering mortar is to ensure that the water in the mortar will not be absorbed by the base course before the mortar is set and hardened, and that the cement in the mortar will not be hydrated due to rapid water loss, thus reducing the strength of the mortar itself and the bonding strength between the mortar and the base course.

水泥理論上完全水化所需水分是水泥質(zhì)量的26%，所以，只要抹灰砂漿的保水性能保證砂漿可操作性和砂漿中水泥水化所需水分即可。

In theory, the water required for complete hydration of cement is 26% of the cement quality. Therefore, as long as the water retention performance of plastering mortar ensures the operability of mortar and the water required for cement hydration in mortar.

如果抹灰砂漿保水性太好，那么砂漿中實(shí)際所保留的水分就多，砂漿真實(shí)水灰比就大，砂漿的實(shí)際強(qiáng)度就低，與塊材粘結(jié)強(qiáng)度也相應(yīng)低。

If the water retention property of plastering mortar is too good, there will be more water actually retained in the mortar, the true water cement ratio of the mortar will be large, the actual strength of the mortar will be low, and the bonding strength with the block will be correspondingly low.

但如此也會影響水泥漿與基層的粘結(jié)，并將延長砂漿的凝結(jié)時(shí)間，產(chǎn)生表干內(nèi)濕的“結(jié)皮”現(xiàn)象，從而影響抹灰速度，并增加施工難度。

However, this will also affect the bonding between the cement paste and the base course, and will extend the setting time of the mortar, resulting in a "skinning" phenomenon of dry surface and wet inside, which will affect the plastering speed and increase the construction difficulty.

誤區(qū)三：抹灰砂漿的用水量越少越好

Mistake 3: The less water is used for plastering mortar, the better

抹灰砂漿需水量的因素很多，主要是取決于原材料，包括膠凝材料和細(xì)骨料，其中骨料的用量大，因此其材質(zhì)的優(yōu)劣能影響砂漿的需水量。

There are many factors affecting the water demand of plastering mortar, mainly depending on raw materials, including cementitious materials and fine aggregate, in which the amount of aggregate is large, so the quality of its material can affect the water demand of mortar.

對于河砂來說，干混砂漿需水量的合理范圍一般在13～16%（這里需水量指水與干料的比），而機(jī)制砂砂漿需水量的合理范圍一般在13～15%，超過大需水量時(shí)砂漿的保水率會降低，容重提升，施工性會變得不好，強(qiáng)度降低，因此減少砂漿的需水量是需的，砂漿廠可以通過加入有減水作用的外加劑來進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。

For river sand, the reasonable range of water demand for dry mixed mortar is generally 13~16% (water demand here refers to the ratio of water to dry material), while the reasonable range of water demand for machine-made sand mortar is generally 13~15%. When the water demand exceeds a large amount, the water retention rate of mortar will decrease, the unit weight will increase, the constructability will become poor, and the strength will decrease. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the water demand for mortar, The mortar plant can be adjusted by adding additives with water reducing effect.

然而，當(dāng)需水量小于特定的范圍時(shí)，砂漿的施工性能同樣會變差，主要表現(xiàn)在漿體飽滿程度不夠，砂漿不好收面，對于機(jī)制砂來說可能造成砂漿發(fā)粘，影響施工性。對于具有減水作用的砂漿外加劑，當(dāng)其減水效率超過一定限度時(shí)，砂漿流動性也會隨之增加，可能會造成砂漿上墻后出現(xiàn)流掛現(xiàn)象。

However, when the water demand is less than a specific range, the construction performance of mortar will also become worse, which is mainly reflected in the insufficient fullness of the mortar and poor finishing of the mortar, which may cause the mortar to become sticky for the machine-made sand and affect the workability. For mortar admixtures with water reducing effect, when its water reducing efficiency exceeds a certain limit, the fluidity of mortar will also increase, which may cause sagging phenomenon after the mortar is mounted on the wall.

干混抹灰砂漿的需水量根據(jù)材料不同，其合理范圍也不盡相同，需水量太多或太少都會不利于達(dá)到砂漿的佳狀態(tài)，因此，需要掌握好砂漿需水量的合理范圍。

The reasonable range of water demand for dry mixed plastering mortar varies according to different materials. Too much or too little water demand will not be conducive to achieving the good state of mortar. Therefore, it is necessary to master the reasonable range of water demand for mortar.

要注意，各層抹灰面的作用和要求不同，每層所選用的砂漿也不一樣。同時(shí)，基底材料的特性和工程部位不同，對砂漿技術(shù)性能要求不同，這也是選擇砂漿種類的主要依據(jù)。更多關(guān)于改材料的問題或者需求都可以來我們網(wǎng)站http://www.wavc.cn咨詢了解。

It should be noted that the function and requirements of each layer of plastering surface are different, and the mortar selected for each layer is also different. At the same time, the characteristics of base materials and project parts are different, and the requirements for mortar technical performance are different, which is also the main basis for selecting mortar types. More questions or needs about changing materials can come to our website http://www.wavc.cn Ask about it.