石膏粉是以硫酸鈣（CaSO?）為主要成分的氣硬性無機膠凝材料。在建筑領域，石膏粉遠不止“一種材料”那么簡單——從嵌縫修補到墻面抹灰，從裝飾制品到精密模具，不同種類的石膏粉各司其職，堪稱建筑材料的“百變金剛”。

Gypsum powder is a gas hardening inorganic cementitious material mainly composed of calcium sulfate (CaSO?). In the field of architecture, gypsum powder is far more than just a "single material" - from joint repair to wall plastering, from decorative products to precision molds, different types of gypsum powder each perform their own duties, making it the "versatile diamond" of building materials.

建筑石膏是非常基礎的品類，以β半水硫酸鈣為主要成分。根據GB/T 9776—2022《建筑石膏》標準，建筑石膏按技術要求分為優等品、一等品和合格品三個等級。優等品的抗折強度要求≥2.5MPa，抗壓強度≥4.9MPa，細度（0.2mm方孔篩篩余）不大于5%；一等品抗折強度≥2.1MPa，抗壓強度≥3.9MPa；合格品抗折強度≥1.8MPa，抗壓強度≥2.9MPa。凝結時間方面，初凝不小于6分鐘，終凝不大于30分鐘。

Architectural gypsum is the most basic category, mainly composed of β - hemihydrate calcium sulfate. According to the GB/T 9776-2022 "Building Gypsum" standard, building gypsum is classified into three grades based on technical requirements: superior, first-class, and qualified. The requirements for the flexural strength of superior products are ≥ 2.5MPa, compressive strength ≥ 4.9MPa, and fineness (0.2mm square hole sieve residue) not exceeding 5%; The flexural strength of first-class products is ≥ 2.1MPa, and the compressive strength is ≥ 3.9MPa; Qualified products have a flexural strength of ≥ 1.8MPa and a compressive strength of ≥ 2.9MPa. In terms of setting time, the initial setting time should not be less than 6 minutes, and the final setting time should not exceed 30 minutes.

高強石膏（α型半水石膏）則是石膏家族中的“精英”。它是在封閉容器中用飽和水蒸汽加壓，使石膏晶型發生轉變，歷經溶解、再結晶、脫水、烘干等一系列過程形成的。高強石膏制品的抗壓強度可達30MPa以上，抗折強度達7MPa以上，是普通建筑石膏制品強度的2-4倍。2小時抗折強度可達5-8MPa，抗壓強度15-25MPa；恒重時抗折強度7-13MPa，抗壓強度25-45MPa。高強石膏廣泛應用于陶瓷母模、齒科牙模、精密鑄造模、GRG高檔裝飾材料等領域。

High strength gypsum (alpha type hemihydrate gypsum) is the "elite" in the gypsum family. It is formed through a series of processes such as dissolution, recrystallization, dehydration, and drying by pressurizing gypsum crystals with saturated steam in a closed container. The compressive strength of high-strength gypsum products can reach over 30MPa, and the flexural strength can reach over 7MPa, which is 2-4 times the strength of ordinary building gypsum products. The 2-hour flexural strength can reach 5-8 MPa, and the compressive strength is 15-25 MPa; The flexural strength at constant weight is 7-13MPa, and the compressive strength is 25-45MPa. High strength gypsum is widely used in ceramic mother molds, dental molds, precision casting molds, GRG high-end decorative materials and other fields.

粉刷石膏是石膏在墻面抹灰領域的直接應用。根據GB/T 28627—2012《抹灰石膏》規定，粉刷石膏的初凝時間應不小于60分鐘，終凝時間應不大于8小時。面層粉刷石膏的細度要求1.0mm方孔篩篩余量為0%，0.2mm方孔篩篩余量應不大于40%。面層粉刷石膏的抗壓強度優等品需達到5.0MPa，底層粉刷石膏需達到4.0MPa。粉刷石膏的典型配方包括：石膏400kg、硅砂600kg、纖維素5kg、緩凝劑0.2kg。其優點在于抹灰后的表面光滑、細膩、潔白美觀。粉刷石膏主要用于建筑物室內各種墻面和頂棚抹灰，但不適用于衛生間、廚房等常與水接觸的地方。

Gypsum plastering is the direct application of gypsum in the field of wall plastering. According to GB/T 28627-2012 "Gypsum plastering", the initial setting time of gypsum plastering should not be less than 60 minutes, and the final setting time should not exceed 8 hours. The fineness requirement for plastering gypsum on the surface layer is that the sieve residue of 1.0mm square hole should be 0%, and the sieve residue of 0.2mm square hole should not exceed 40%. The superior compressive strength of the surface plastering gypsum should reach 5.0MPa, and the bottom plastering gypsum should reach 4.0MPa. The typical formula for plastering gypsum includes 400kg gypsum, 600kg silica sand, 5kg cellulose, and 0.2kg retarder. Its advantage is that the surface after plastering is smooth, delicate, white, and beautiful. Gypsum plastering is mainly used for plastering various interior walls and ceilings of buildings, but it is not suitable for places that are often in contact with water such as bathrooms and kitchens.

嵌縫石膏是專門用于石膏板接縫處理的材料。其主要成分為石膏、碳酸鈣和添加劑。施工時建議加水量控制在40%左右，攪拌均勻后靜置2-3分鐘再進行攪拌即可使用。修補寬度控制在2mm以上，抹灰厚度控制在2-3mm之間。嵌縫石膏的典型施工流程為：先將板縫清掃干凈，用配制好的嵌縫石膏填滿接縫（寬度5-6mm），粘結上含膠的纖維增強網格布并壓實，再薄抹一層膩子。

Jointing gypsum is a material specifically used for joint treatment of gypsum boards. Its main components are gypsum, calcium carbonate, and additives. It is recommended to control the amount of water added during construction at around 40%. After mixing evenly, let it stand for 2-3 minutes before stirring and it can be used. The repair width should be controlled at 2mm or more, and the plastering thickness should be controlled between 2-3mm. The typical construction process of joint gypsum is as follows: first, clean the board joints, fill the joints with prepared joint gypsum (5-6mm width), bond with fiber-reinforced mesh cloth containing adhesive and compact it, and then apply a thin layer of putty.

石膏粉在施工中的一大特點是凝結速度快。與膩子粉凝結速度慢、質地較軟不同，石膏粉凝結后較堅硬，不易打磨。這也意味著石膏粉主要用于嵌縫、填補孔洞、陰陽角修直等“定型”工作，而膩子粉則用于大面積的精細找平。兩者分工明確，不可混淆。

A major characteristic of gypsum powder in construction is its fast setting speed. Unlike putty powder, which sets slowly and has a softer texture, gypsum powder sets harder and is not easy to polish. This also means that gypsum powder is mainly used for "shaping" work such as joint filling, hole filling, and internal and external corner straightening, while putty powder is used for large-scale fine leveling. The division of labor between the two is clear and cannot be confused.

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